The Problem Of Medical Benefits - 2467 Words

In animal and human cloning alike, arguments over ethicality boil down to a matter of medical benefits versus moral concerns. Governmental and social groups are split by the benefits of therapeutic, reproductive, and molecular cloning, which bring their own moral rewards in the preservation of life, and the grey areas cloning brings on matters of protection of morals and individuality. Through cloning technology, medical science will learn to renew activity of damaged cells by growing new cells and replacing them, yet concerns are raised over the possibility of compromising individualities or violating the rights of the cell. Cloning gives the capability to create humans with identical genetic makeup to act as organ donors for each other,†¦show more content†¦As of now, there are three types of cloning, each with their own potentials and moral arguments against. Molecular cloning, also known as recombinant DNA technology, DNA cloning, and gene cloning†, entails the tra nsfer of DNA from an organism to a self-replicating genetic element such as a bacterial plasmid. A bacterial plasmid is a small DNA molecule within a cell that is separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. The DNA of interest can then be cultivated in a foreign host cell. This technology has been around since the 1970s, and has become a common practice in molecular biology labs today. Molecular cloning provides scientists with an essentially unlimited quantity of any individual DNA segments derived from any genome. As molecular cloning does not go beyond a molecular level or involve stem cells, there is little that is morally reprehensible about it, and is left alone. Stem cells are a major concern for activist groups in that stem cells come from embryos that are three to five days old. At this stage, an embryo is called a blastocyst and has about 150 cells, which can divide into more stem cells or can become any type of cell in the body. Therapeutic cloning, which is the production of human embryos for use in research, becomes more of an ethical issue in its use of embryonic stem cells. The

Anthropology and Social Work Essay - 2685 Words

Anthropology and Social Work Anthropologists like myself try to figure out why present day humans are the way they are. Meredith F. Small Female Choices Who are we? How old is the human species? Where did we come from? What do we believe and why? Is our own culture the epitome of civilization? What is reality? How have we arrived at a position where destroying the earth doesnt bother us very much? These, and many, many more are the questions that drive anthropologists to study human beings and our interactions. In fact, the presence of a driving question is the seed that creates anthropologists, as we will soon see. Anthropology is the study of humanity. As one might suspect, given the scope of the questions in the previous paragraph,†¦show more content†¦It is quite startling (and exhilarating) to realize that not all people view reality the same way we do, and the only way to fully understand anothers reality is to live it. As Spradley so eloquently puts it: Ethnography offers all of us the chance to step outside our narrow cultural backgrounds, to set aside our socially inherited ethnocentrism, if only for a brief period, and to apprehend the world from the viewpoint of other human beings who live by different meaning systems. (pg. v) There are good reasons to go to all this trouble to learn about different cultures other than for the sake of pure knowledge. By studying other cultures, we can very possibly create innovative solutions to problems that plague our own cultureSHY;SHY;not the least of which is our intense feelings of separation. David Mayberry Lewis (in his film for the PBS Millennium series entitled Inventing Reality) speaks of the Australian aborigines belief that everything in the universe is spiritually connected, which he compares to Western cultural beliefs: Our way is to objectify realitySHY; define it in cut and dried termsSHY; and in so doing we distance ourselves from everything else in the universe. It is a dangerous and sad position. The danger is being certain. Weve all seen the cruelty that proceeds from certainty. Dogma. 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The reasoning behind it will be explained in detail but it can be broken down to three main reasons; being the first discipline with verified results and facts rather than unproven theories, having more post-high school opportunities considering that I wish to pursue a career in business, and being the most in-depth discipline. PsychologyRead MoreWhat I Learned About Anthropology And Learned Valuable Lessons846 Words   |  4 Pagesbut also because they work in my fields of interest. The first interview I conducted was anthropologist Dr. Jason Lind, he is currently a qualitative health researcher for the prestigious Veterans Association. The second interview I had was with anthropologist Dr. Kathryn Kozaiti s, she is currently a professor and chair at Georgia State University. 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Anthropology is all encompassing and due to its breadth, it can be considered both a study in humanities and science. However, anthropology is easily distinguishable from both hard sciences and humanities. The aspects that distinguish anthropology lie mostly in the methodology that anthropologists use to study human beings. MethodologyRead MoreAnthropology Essay : The Importance Of Anthropology1622 Words   |  7 PagesThe Importance of Anthropology Anthropology is a scientific field that seems to be largely misunderstood by the general public. Many people hear the word â€Å"anthropology† and think of an old man with a magnifying glass looking at some dusty old fossils. In reality, anthropology is much more broad than archaeology, which people normally associate with it. Forms of anthropology are used in many aspects of daily life from advertising to law enforcement. Anthropology is difficult to define, as it is extremelyRead MoreHow Technology has Changed Anthropology872 Words   |  4 PagesHow technology has changed Anthropology â€Å"Anthropology is the most humanistic of the sciences and the most scientific of the humanities† – Alfred L. Kroeber Anthropology is holistic. Humans are social beings more than anything, but with underlying psychological, biological and cultural connotations. The field of anthropology encompasses everything and anything having to do with humankind throughout history. Anthropology attempts to answer the tough questions about the human condition. What influencesRead MoreWhat Is Human Nature?1735 Words   |  7 Pages1. By observing and analyzing the context of previous time periods, anthropology was certainly not created by accident or mistake. At the end of the 18th century, the Enlightenment period was occurring. This produced two products during the time period. First, humans were able to possess a newfound understanding of general principals in which the world works. They wanted to know all about universal human nature, such as why all human beings are alike. Secondly, out of the Enlightenment, we have an

Duties of a Probation Officer free essay sample

The Daily Duties of a Probation Officer Reggie Haag Everest University Have you ever wondered what the daily duties of a Probation Officer are? Well I am going to tell you what some of them are in this paper. But, first let me give you a brief history on what made me pick this topic. When I was 20 years old I got into a little bit of legal trouble and was put on probation for two years. When that happened I thought that my life was over. But, my probation officer told me that as long as I followed what she told me to do that she could help me get my life back on tract. She made one of the worst times of my life not so bad by working with me every step of the way. So that is why I chose to become a Probation Officer. When I become a Probation Officer my responsibilities are going to be: 1. Casework, 2. Enforcement of probation and 3. Investigation amp; report. Now that you have heard my reasoning on why I want to become a Probation Officer what do you say we get into the first group of responsibilities? The first group of responsibilities is Casework. When I was doing my research I found a big list of daily duties that a Probation Officer has to do. So now I am going to put them into the categories that they belong in. The First duty that fits into this category would have to be: keeping in contact with community groups like Alcoholics Anonymous, Narcotics Anonymous, Good Will and the Salvation Army. The reason that a Probation Officer has to keep in contact with these kinds of places is because the person who is on probation may need help with being an alcoholic or drug addiction or they may need help finding a place to stay or finding some food or they may need some counseling. Another daily duty that falls into this category would be for the Probation Officer would be to stay in contact with local churches and local businesses that may have some work that needs to be done so that the people who are on probation can do their community service hours to satisfy the court and fulfill one of their conditions of probation (Echie,2007). Now that we have gone over the first category let’s get started on the next one. This one is called Enforcement of probation. The first duty that falls into this one would be arresting the person who is on probation for violating the conditions of their probation. Another thing that would fall into this category would be having the person do a drug test to make sure that they are staying clean from any illegal drugs or alcohol. The Probation Officer also monitors the persons desire to stay on probation and get rehabilitated ( Department of Corrections). The next thing that would fall into this area would be that they would bring the probationer in front of a judge to scare the person back to where he or she would get back to fallowing the rules or tell them that they have to go back to prison. Now that we finished the first and second categories let’s get started on the final one. The name for this one is Investigate and report. This category is the biggest one of all of them. The first duty that I am going to list is the Probation Officer has to do is a presentencing interview for the courts to see if the prisoner is a candidate for probation. Then they give the results of the interview to the courts so that the judge can decide whether or not the prisoner can be put on probation. Another thing that the Probation Officer has to do is interview the victim and the family and friends of the person who gets put on probation. Once that is done every so often the probation officer has to make a report and turn it in to the courts so they could get an idea of the probationers progress. The next thing that they do in this category is to have weekly or bi-weekly or monthly meetings with the probationer to find out how they are doing and to collect there restitution payments ( Job description. et). In this research paper I have gone over some of the daily duties of a Probation Officer. We looked at three different categories of the duties of a Probation Officer like Casework, Investigation and report and last but not least Enforcement of probation that I will have to do when I become a Probation Officer. I think that it will be a lot of work to do but I also think that I will be up to the challenge. I hope that I have given you a little more insight into what it takes to be a Probation Officer. REFERENCES: Probation Officer Job Description amp; Care Opportunitieshttp://www. jobdescriptions. net/legal/probation-officer/ The Roles And Duties Of The Parole Or Probation Officer In The Criminal Justice Field by: Kenneth Echie, (2007) http://www. articlecity. com/articles/legal/article_1037. shtml Examples of Duties and Responsibilities http://fldocjobs. com/paths/cpo/duties. html

What is impressionism Essay Example For Students

What is impressionism? Essay What does Impressionism in paint ing really mean? After some forty years of agitated discussion, there exists in the public mind a confusion amount ing to bewilderment in regard to the proper answer to that question. The reason is not far to seek. Critics have been provocative and entertaining, ac cording to their fashion, with a truly journalistic contempt for any short cuts to the truth. They have played with their subject as a cat will play with a mouse to prolong the pleasurable excite ment. George Moore, for instance, pounced upon the truth when he said that â€Å"Impressionism penetrates all true painting and only â€Å"in its most modern sense signifies the rapid noting of elusive appearance.† We will write a custom essay on What is impressionism? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Yet he allowed the thought to escape that lie might play with it upon another occasion. What is the result? Ask the average well-informed man you meet what Impressionism in painting really means, and he will reply some what as follows—â€Å"Oh—it’s a new-fan gled French way of painting everything light and airy, and of spilling all the colors of the rainbow—helter-skelter— into the same picture. While resenting the flippancy of the gentleman’s manner, the most enthusias tic critics of the new spectral vision could hardly quarrel with the truth of this statement. When urged to a defini tion of the same subject, Camille Mau claire proceeds to industriously describe the technique of color spots invented by Claude Monet in his attempt to render the shimmer of aerial vibration. Now this method is a typical achievement of the modern mind. Suffice it here to say that, successful as it has been in pro ducing upon canvas subtle verities of light and air, it is at best a brave but crude beginning and only an experiment in the evolution of realistic painting. So engrossed is the painter with his melted outlines, his divided tones, his colored TIHE MUSEUM OF FINE ARTS. BOSTON shadows, that his picture too closely re sembles a scientific demonstration. Colored stenography Huneker called it. orcd stenography,† Huneker called it. It seems hardly credible that learned critics can present any one technique as the embodiment of Impressionism, and to the average mind the word seems alto- gether too big for mere technical adven- ture, however important. Yet by the common consent of painters, critics and public, Monet, Degas and the rest of that group are the Impressionists. The perplexing question is, wherein lies their right to a monopoly of the title? Opin- ions, moreover, seem to be divided whether these artists arc Impressionists because of their methods or because of their motives. Most writers agree with M. Mauclaire that the innovations of palette and brush have earned them the distinction, for these, at least, are indis putably new. Inconveniently, however, the methods of the several painters, in variably grouped together, are widely dissimilar. Som e laid their paint on in gobs, others in shrill, thin washes. If PointiUisme be Impressionism, how can Degas and the earlier Manet claim kin ship with Monet, Renoir, Sisley and Pis sarro? If, on the other hand, this little band of men are Impressionists because they have been drawn together to ex press, each in his own way, transient aspects of contemporaneous reality, how can we forget that the expression of con temporaneous reality has been the un changing purpose of true realists from the very earliest day? As for the tran sient aspects, the new regard for effects of life and light in passing, these things constitute one of the valuable contribu- tions of modern art. But the realistic principle dates back to Giotto. Can it be that learned critics, in cramming Im pressionism into a new, small, pigeon hole, have only thickened the fog of mis understanding that envelopes the name? It is the general belief, a belief diffi cult to wholly eradicate, that Impression ism is peculiarly modern, and that, being modern, it consists very naturally of ego tistical specialisations, and adventur ous experiments in technique. Now, in the first place we forget that other times besides our own have possessed enquiring minds. It is inherent in the nature of man to be curious and experimental. He begins in the cradle by investigating the mystery of his toes, and he. ends by dabbling with Nature’s elemental forces, also with philosophy and machinery and art. .ub19eea0a9188cecdc612335a7468668d , .ub19eea0a9188cecdc612335a7468668d .postImageUrl , .ub19eea0a9188cecdc612335a7468668d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub19eea0a9188cecdc612335a7468668d , .ub19eea0a9188cecdc612335a7468668d:hover , .ub19eea0a9188cecdc612335a7468668d:visited , .ub19eea0a9188cecdc612335a7468668d:active { border:0!important; } .ub19eea0a9188cecdc612335a7468668d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub19eea0a9188cecdc612335a7468668d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub19eea0a9188cecdc612335a7468668d:active , .ub19eea0a9188cecdc612335a7468668d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub19eea0a9188cecdc612335a7468668d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub19eea0a9188cecdc612335a7468668d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub19eea0a9188cecdc612335a7468668d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub19eea0a9188cecdc612335a7468668d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub19eea0a9188cecdc612335a7468668d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub19eea0a9188cecdc612335a7468668d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub19eea0a9188cecdc612335a7468668d .ub19eea0a9188cecdc612335a7468668d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub19eea0a9188cecdc612335a7468668d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Parisienne Fashion and Impressionism EssayDa Vinci wrote learnedly about perspective and colored shadows, and for him, as Pater observed, â€Å"the novel im pression he conveyed, the exquisite ef fect he created counted os an end in itself—a perfect end. What could be more modern in subtlety of suggestion than the Mona Lisa, with her watchful eves, her slow, disquieting smile and that fantastic background of blue-green rocks and interminable rivulets? As for Rem brandt’s soul-searching shaft of golden light, that is but another early instance of the craftsman spirit delighting in the production of â€Å"effects, a spirit destined in our time to become so do minant and so contagious a force. But in the second place, the true Impressionism is not solely concerned with technique, nor is it the gospel of either art for arts sake or truth for truth’s sake.† In the last analysis it is the soul of the painter that counts. Here imitation, be it ever so perfect, will result in a statement of fact such os we may find in any book of ref erence. The personal and spontaneous impres sion, therefore, is requisite in realism no less than in romance. A painting may be a perfect marvel of realistic imitation —vet unworthy to be called art, because lacking the artists testimony of impres sion. In the Walters Collection at Baltimore we may sec side by side two small but characteristic TIHE METROPOLITAN MUSEUM ARTS canvases by Alma Tadema and Jean Francis Millet. The former is entitled â€Å"The Triumph of Titus. It is a triumph of technique. The cold and lustrous sheen of the marble stairs and the variegated textures of apparel and ornament are copied in detail with un erring exactness. The imitation is as toundingly perfect. The adjacent Millet ^presents a flock of sheep, huddled by night, in their fold. They make butla shimmering blur under the misty moon. Nothing is described, nothing defined. And yet, somehow, we can see the rest less stirring of the sheep, we can feel the chill of the air, and we are deeply impressed by the poetic illusion. Now both these pictures are realistic, each in its own way. The way of Tadema was an elaborate and painstaking prose, whereas Millet’s picture is endowed with the directness and simplicity of poetic inspiration. Tadema arrived at his knowledge of Titus and his time through toilsome years of study; Millet saw his vision of the sheep-fold one night and transcribed his impression before his brain was cool. Tadema employed the facts he found in books, Millet the se crets he learned from Nature. Tadema, the scholar, has painted with fastidious precision colorful chapters of ancient history; Millet, the poet-painter, tran scribed with spontaneous and sublime carelessness the peasants from whose midst he came, their fields and flocks, their labor and their love. Both men may be counted realists, but Millet was also an Impressionist. It is my firm belief that Impressionism is not a transient technique, but an an- cient and abiding faith, not merely the sensational production of some revolu- tionary modern painters, but one of the basic principles—I might say the one true philosophy, of all painting. WINTER LANDSCAPE KANO SANSETSU many as are the eyes that see, the hearts that feel, the brains that formu late their conception of visible or in tangible things, so many are life’s real Impressionists. The value of their im pressions varies according to their un derstanding. Even among those whose talents seek expression in the arts, there are all kinds of Impressionists, from the men of lofty genius on the mountain peaks of inspiration, the Michelangelos, and the Rembrandts, to the horde of petty craftsmen who labor in sterile moorlands with an unavailing and un couth endeavor. Midway upon the scale are the radical, experimental Frenchmen we have been discussing, artists who are so enamored of the appearances of ob jects under diffused or conflicting lights, so absorbed in the striving to render visual sensation, that nobility of theme seldom concerns them. .ue69c89640a6176add09b39580764278d , .ue69c89640a6176add09b39580764278d .postImageUrl , .ue69c89640a6176add09b39580764278d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue69c89640a6176add09b39580764278d , .ue69c89640a6176add09b39580764278d:hover , .ue69c89640a6176add09b39580764278d:visited , .ue69c89640a6176add09b39580764278d:active { border:0!important; } .ue69c89640a6176add09b39580764278d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue69c89640a6176add09b39580764278d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue69c89640a6176add09b39580764278d:active , .ue69c89640a6176add09b39580764278d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue69c89640a6176add09b39580764278d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue69c89640a6176add09b39580764278d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue69c89640a6176add09b39580764278d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue69c89640a6176add09b39580764278d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue69c89640a6176add09b39580764278d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue69c89640a6176add09b39580764278d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue69c89640a6176add09b39580764278d .ue69c89640a6176add09b39580764278d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue69c89640a6176add09b39580764278d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Comparison: Claude Monet and Van Gogh EssayThey are Im pressionists to be sure, but they repre sent merely the most recent stage in a gradual and logical development. That astute critic, R. A. M. Stevenson, was, I think, the first to point out that Impressionism in the sense which is com monly accepted to-day received its orig inal impulse from the supreme Velas quez. To him is attributed the practical demonstration of that vital principle which ordains that objects should not be painted as they are known to exist, but as they appear to the momentary and more or less abstracted gaze, under ever changing conditions of light and air. As a definition of the Impressionism of n ine teenth ceritury realists, we shall see how this utters indeed the last word. How ever, if the critic had regarded Impres sionism as an eternal principle rather than as a modern practice, he would have taken for his model not merely the bril liant advances which Velasquez made upon the knowledge of his time, but the complete genius of the man, inclusive of those instincts for decoration and self expression which he inherited from his predecessors. His Shakespearean im mensity lay in his perfect mastery of the dual nature of his art, the decorative and the representative, both interpenetrated by his own taste for color and line on the one hand, and his own vision of his model on the other. Let us, then, formulate new conclu sions, at the sacrifice, perhaps, of favor ite theories. In the first place, Impres sionism can not be said to represent any one technique nor any one way of viewing nature, but, rather, all artistic achievements, whatever the method, in which sincere, spontaneous and forth- right impressions are convincingly ex pressed through the art conceived by the brain, and the craft designed by the hand. In the second place, Impression ism is by no means solely concerned with the naturalistic portrayal of transient aspects of contemporaneous reality. It is quite as high an art and a much more difficult one to give form and substance to one’s fleeting impression of intangible beauty; to sound with Whistler a chord of color; to incarnate with Watts a pow erful thought; or to perpetuate with the painters of old Japan a vanishing dream. Romance yields her impressions no less than realism. Thirdly, Impressionism is not new and strange, but marvelously old. Stevenson said that to visit Velas quez at the Prado wfas to shatter one’s faith in the modernity of modern paint ing. He might less cautiously and quite as accurately have stated that several centuries before this great Spaniard lived, far back in those dim ages of es thetic dynasties at the other end of the world, there existed in China and Japan an art of landscape painting which con tained the essence of Impressionism; that is an art in which the means of expres sion were harmoniously adapted to the artists original emotion. For, after all, Impressionism is synonymous in equal measure with art itself, which is purely technical, and the artistic impulse which is, or should be, inspirational. In its only logical sense it means the giving of definite color and form to single, per sonal impressions. In this sense, then, have not all truly great painters been more or less Impressionists and should not the siirnificance of the term be widened rather than restricted?

Organization behavior analysis of Merck Company Inc Essay Example

Organization behavior analysis of Merck Company Inc Essay Example Organization behavior analysis of Merck Company Inc Essay Organization behavior analysis of Merck Company Inc Essay Introduction Organization behaviour analysis refers to the systematic attack in analyzing and application of human behaviour as persons or groups within an organisation their behaviour and the consequence this behaviour impacts on the organisation and its ends. It is the analysis of single and group behaviour within an organisation. It enhances better relationships to accomplish human aims, organisations aims and societal aims. The organisation s values ends and civilization are all linked in such a manner that there is integrating between the employees personal ends and the organisation s ends. Organizational behaviour analyses relationships between variables ( McKenna, 2001 ) . The construct of organisational behaviour is based on the theory that the environment dictates the human behaviour ( Duncan, 1982 ) . It covers a broad scope of subjects that include human behaviour, alteration, leading and public presentation. It involves analysing behaviour from an single degree, a group degree and an organisational degree, where the three are someway incorporate. The analyses consequences to more efficient and effectual organisations. The company: Merck Company Inc. Organization behaviour includes analysing behaviour that consequences from external environmental forces. A amalgamation and possible ballad offs are factors that would hold an impact on Merck s employees behaviours and this behaviour would hold an impact on the organisations productiveness. This essay will turn to these subjects in relation to the alterations in Merck s A ; Co. after the company merged with Schering-Plough and during the company s restructuring plan, which involves extinguishing 15 per centum of the employees located globally ( Schepp, 2010 ) . Merck is one of the largest pharmaceutical public companies in the universe. The chief merchandises include medical specialties, vaccinums, biological therapies, consumer and animate being merchandises. The company has its caput office in New Jersey and operates in 140 states located worldwide. The company is listed in the New York Stock Exchange. Merck late merged with Schering-Plough Company. One of the effects of the amal gamation was lying off of about 15 per centum of the new company s employees. The issue Harmonizing to Appelbaum directors should take into consideration organisation s behaviour during and after a amalgamation. Many amalgamation and acquisition failures can be attributed to miss of proper organisational behaviour analysis. One of the negative effects on employees behaviour during and after a amalgamation is that it can take to insecurity and uncertainness among employees ( Appelbaum, 2000 ) . During a amalgamation the direction should turn to the impact it would hold on the employees and offer support and encouragement to the employees, analysing attitudes, values and people s behaviours and how they are affected by the environment. The organisation will necessitate to analyse planning, forming, taking and commanding. Analyze occupation maps, allotment of resources, and work flow processs. Train the employees to stay focussed and reassuring them of their occupation security will assist in making stableness and continuance. Control refers to the direction s subjective and nonsubjective appraisal of the success of ends. The direction should recognize that there is a demand to turn to fright for alteration. Appelbaum et Al. ( 2000 ) recommends three attacks in turn toing organisation behaviour during a amalgamation, communicating, corporate civilization and alteration. Communication During the alteration procedure, it is really of import for the direction to retain unfastened communicating with the employees. This will be really helpful in retaining the company s civilization. Lack of proper communicating to the employees during a amalgamation may take to rumours which may take down employees morale as they become preoccupied with their ain single involvements. Communication will assist in bridging the spread between the person s involvements and the organisations involvements during the meeting procedure. This will help in integrating of the two organisational civilizations, in this instance Merck s and Schering-Plough Company. Merck s direction achieved this through publicising the company s concern scheme in the 2009-2010 Corporate Responsibility Review study ( Merck, 2010 ) . The program included consolidative, incorporating and fostering civilization. The scheme included pass oning the advancement to the employees and other stakeholders ( Merck A ; Co Inc. ) . One of the ways that communicating can be effectual is through repeat of information though different signifiers of media ( Appelbaum, et al. , 2000 ) . The demand for smooth integrating of the amalgamation between the two companies was communicated through assorted studies in the Merck s web site. These studies include the Code of Conduct and the 2009-2010 corporate administration studies. The messages of honestness, transparence and unfastened communicating are reflected in most of the company s policies, demoing the acce nt the company has on unfastened communicating. Organizational Culture When two companies merge, there are possibilities of cultural mutual exclusiveness. This may ensue to struggles. An organizations civilization can be recognized through artefacts such as the company Son, the company values and norms and through basic implicit in premises. It encompasses informal and formal procedures of doing determination in the organisation. This includes the power hierarchy and how employees who are in different places interact with each other. At Merck there is common regard for employees and they are encouraged to develop their accomplishments and they are hence committed to high public presentation. This means that they can be trusted to do determinations without needfully holding to wait for their supervisors consent. The company allows for some inclusion in the determination devising procedure, though employees in difference are to describe their grudges to their supervisors before they go to everyone else. Thus Merck pattern democratic leading manner ( Miner, 2007 ) . In add-on to this, employees should hold person to confide in about their concerns for a amalgamation. At Merck company direction, anyone with a difference on any issue should describe it to the parts Human Resources representative. The company besides has Merck Office of moralss where those who may be afraid of their ain supervisors and human resource representatives should take their questions and concerns. In add-on to this the company has a codification of behavior that acts as a guideline to anyone with any sort of duty in the company including employees and the managers. The codification of behavior includes ethical inquiries and the procedure one should utilize in determination devising. This shows openness and giving employees duty to do determinations. This consequences to happy employees who are more productive. A company that is in the post-merger state of affairs should hold a civilization that is clearly defined. There should be common land for the two companies after which a new civilization will be developed. Merck Co. Inc. is in presently in the post-merger phase. The direction has developed a program that would guarantee a smooth integrating of the two civilizations. This is stipulated in the company s concern impulse which includes uniting the two civilizations, incorporating them and cultivating the new civilization. An organizations civilization can be determined from the company s mission statements, and in its values, moralss and criterions which all form portion of organisation behaviour. The company s values are based on moralss and unity. Merck s mission statement reads To supply advanced, typical merchandises and services that save and improve lives and fulfill client demand, to be recognized as a great topographic point to work and to supply investors with a superior rate of return ( Merck Co. Inc. , 2010 ) . This mission statement shows the importance at which the organisation values the employees part to the growing of the house. This should be a beginning of inspiration for the employees who remained at Merck s company after the amalgamation. The same importance is reflected in the company s moralss and criterions statements. On moralss and criterions, Merck s company has a main conformity office to guarantee that Merck s company complies with all the ordinances as required globally. The conformity officer besides ensures that the company patterns ethical concern patterns and besides safeguarding the person s privateness. This safeguarding of the person s privateness shows the regard the company has on the person. This can move as a motivational factor for the employees. The employee feels appreciated, therefore becomes more productive which improves the employee s public presentation. A company that has effectual corporate administration is in most instances transparent in all its projects. Corporate administration besides involves appreciating that the people in an organisation are the most of import assets in that organisation ( Blair, 1995 ) . Merck s company has an effectual corporate administration construction. The Chief Executive Officer ( CEO ) is appointed by the Board and it is the Board that besides determines his wage. The Chairman is responsible for the Board. There is an audit commission which is accessible to all. In add-on to this the company has whistle blowers protection policies. These facts are turn outing of transparence. As such the employees should hold assurance in the company and adjust to the civilization of the new company. Changes A amalgamation leads to several alterations in the organisation. Once an employee joins an organisation, she/he, there is a psychological demand is developed. In bend the organisation has outlooks from this employee. Thus a psychological contract Begins and a menace to interrupt it may be lay waste toing to the organisation and to the employees. On the Individual degree, organisational behaviour analyses perceptual experiences, acquisition, creativeness, motive, personality, public presentation and moralss. Individual s beginnings of motive do vary from single to single, some by inducements, economic benefits, congratulations or merely satisfaction from making a occupation good. It involves placing what motivates each single employee. Organization behaviour analysis besides involves the survey of single behaviour towards some external forces and the effects this has on the organisation. It besides involves of factors which most of the clip would be holding negative effects on public presentation. A major alteration, such as a amalgamation threatens to interrupt the psychological contract, whereby the employee becomes afraid of the unknown and develops feelings of weakness. This affects the employee s public presentation degree. The Merck and Schering-Plough amalgamation had an even more helplessness consequence as the CEO had announced possible layoffs for 15 per centum of the employees. These proclamations of possible loss of employees may do anxiousness and fright. If non addressed this could ensue to down employees who are aggressive and therefore an addition in unsolved struggles. To avoid these effects of alteration, unfastened communicating on the grounds for the amalgamation should be communicated from which the employees should be made to understand the new alterations. There should be no surprise for the employees and they should cognize who and how they would be affected. To extinguish this consequence of surprise, Merck s direction included the intelligence on possible puting off of senior and in-between degree directors, 40 per centum of which would be in the US. The fright can besides be eliminated by affecting the employees to do them experience that they are portion of the procedure. The direction should besides supply employees with ends that are long term. This creates assurance with their employer as they feel secure in their places. This engagement was highlighted in the so CEO s, Mr. Clark s address after the amalgamation. Clark said that for the amalgamation to be successful, the company relied on the employees passion, innovativeness and com mittedness. Harmonizing to Appelbaum and company, ( 2000 ) staff lay offs have the same consequence as amalgamations, depression, anxiousness and weakness. Directors should supply as much information as is possible to cut down rumours and their effects. In add-on to this the directors should promote group treatments. On the group degree, organisation behaviour involves analyzing of the group kineticss, intra-group and inter-group struggles and integrity, interpersonal communicating, leading, webs and group functions. In Merck Co. Inc. planetary constituency groups and employee resource groups are two of the schemes that the company uses to implement diverseness scheme. The planetary constituency groups represent persons from different geographical parts and with different civilizations, faith and professions. They work together towards the same end, the success of the organisation. The employee resource groups are made of voluntary employees who web together and work as squads. These squads offer educational and cultural resources, every bit good as being contacts to other employees. These groupings help in understanding persons while they play an of import function in developing diverseness scheme. These groups played an of import function in back uping each other during the amalgamation as the groups would run into and discourse issues that were of concern to them. Employees must be made to experience that they have regained control of their single end. Decision Organizational behaviour analysis aids in placing the person and group behaviour with the purpose of utilizing the consequences to better on public presentation. The analysis will be used to place an person s different demands and different methods of working and executing a undertaking. This information is used in supplying individualized resources that will assist each person to be more productive. This information will besides be of high importance in guaranting a smooth alteration procedure as the direction devices on ways to help employees digest the amalgamation alterations with assurance. There should be new defined ends for the new company every bit good as new policies, new civilization. These new policies plus any other alterations should be communicated to the employees. The information rayed to the employees should be honest, as employees will be more appreciative if they know the impact the amalgamation has on them. The ballad off information should be provided with sensitiveness otherwise it may hold serious reverberations. Employees feelings should be considered in the whole procedure. This will assist in the success of the amalgamation.

Essay on Aristotle and Argument

Essay on Aristotle and Argument Essay on Aristotle and Argument Khrystyna Dotsenko Philo 2101 Spring 2015 The Fifth Argument The Fifth Argument, presented by St. Thomas Aquinas, is a very interesting way of providing the evidence of God. This argument is often called "teleological argument " or "argument from design". Fundamental to his argument was that the world is full of non - intelligent material things which produce beneficial order. The author stated that for these non - intelligent things to produce beneficial order, they require an intelligent being to bring this action about. This being is God. At a first sight all the proofs of Aquinas about all the natural world was created by a vastly intelligent mind seem very convicting. However, his arguments are full of logical loopholes and inconsistencies. In my opinion, Aquinas's Fifth argument is logically false, in other words it is not sound argument. First of all, the author states that everything exists and operates because of the will of a higher intelligence in his fifth response. This happens to things without intelligence because they "act always, or nearly always, in the same way, so as to obtain the best result. Hence it is plain that not by chance, but by intention, do they achieve their end". From this premise we can conclude that the order comes from intelligent being. Since the philosopher lived before the scientific methods were discovered and the physical laws were founded, it could be a product of his times. Nowadays, we all know that the rain falls down from the sky, they lack intelligence and need guidance to have a cause on its own and so they are part of the natural process of the universe modern science has proven. Furthermore, according to Darvin, there is another theory about who created human beings, it was a long process of transformation of humans from the monkeys. Second of all, we all know that the universe is very complex creature, but it does not necessarily mean that the universe needed a creator or designer. Comparing the universe to man-made objects such as a watch is committing a logical fal lacy (error of reasoning). The universe operate very differently from the way man - made objects operate for example humans created monuments, but then how the sun came into existence? As a result I can say that, if complex monuments were created by humans, who created the sun which is bigger in size and more magnificent in its function? The sun is thus part of the natural process that modern science has given evidence

Security protocols Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Security protocols - Case Study Example Currently, all company servers (file, email, data, web, radius and FTP servers etc.) are located in the server farm at its head office in Birmingham. The other two sites are connected to the head office through leased lines. We will address identified security threats to the current network by categorizing them in to two categories: External Threats: Virus, Trojan, Worms, Spyware, Cyber-attack, Denial of Service Attack, Distributed Denial of Service Attack Residual Threats: Vulnerabilities within the RADIUS server. Only Firewall is implemented on the edge router with packet filtering enabled. 2 Feasibility for the Cloud The Cloud computing helps to provide advantages in terms of reducing cost related to the hardware, software and human resource. On the other hand, various controversial issues such as individual’s privacy, security control risks and data sharing are still in need for a better solution. Similarly, in order to provide cost benefit analysis while practicing risk a ssessment, better development techniques, less cost, high scalability with next generation architecture will be utilized for EEC. However, the open source is considered in providing core facilities in cloud computing in order to enable the cost reduction input or cost free structure for cloud service providers. In fact, the cloud computing service can use the open source in order to gain power and control to launch next generation proprietary platforms which can be similar to Web 2.0. The Linux operating systems are also utilized for cloud computing, as company’s ecommerce site is run on a UNIX based web server. Moreover, if there is no license cost such as Microsoft operating system than Linux operating system is likely to use cloud computing services. In fact, it is visibly stated by IBM in the economics of scale that â€Å"one of the primary drivers for expanding the cloud is open source.† The application or the software in any computing environment is believed as a core element, however it is expensive. The open source is not all the time successful because they are partially present in some organizations. A number of open source applications are related with the cloud and is accessed through a variety of obligations. These obligations include open source license and other relevant stuff. Similarly, an efficient compliance procedure related to address issues and diminish risk, a software license is required. Moreover, new risks are not initiated by the cloud computing. However, the services that are linked with cloud computing generates risk. The applications that are associated with the operational tasks along with cloud computing are distributed as compared to other software applications. In fact, reduced visibility along with no evaluation or calculation of the industry is present. Therefore, it cannot be characterized as the obligations incorporating copy license. In order to access cloud computing online services through web browser, you need an updated computer that can support all the necessary features regarding current Web browsers. Moreover, fast Internet connection is also required in order to experience sheer clod computing features. Including an updated workstation along with all the needed updates are installed. An old workstation is update to Windows 7 will cost about $70 but on the other hand, Windows 7 or Vista does not support all the VGA drivers and there are hardware compatibility issues are also present. In